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I already posted a post on pregnancy diagnosis through rectal palpation. Its nice that now a video on using advanced technologies like Ultra Sonography is also available here.
Ultrasonography is a medical diagnostic technique in which very high frequency sound is directed into the body. The tissue interfaces reflects the sound and resulting pattern of sound reflection is processed by a computer to produce a photograph or moving image on monitor. Ultrasound can be used to examine many parts of the body, but it’s best known application for the examination of fetal size, multiple pregnancies, structural abnormalities, accurate determination of fetal age and fetal sex during pregnancy. It is commonly used in obstetrics to monitor the growth, development and well being of the fetus. An ultrasound emitting device called transducer is placed against the skin of pregnant abdomen or placed rectally on uterus. The transducer is used to transmit the sound waves and receive the echoes. The transducer must be close contact with skin, and a jelly like substance smeared on the skin to improve the transmission of sound. Ultrasound is characterized by sound waves with a frequency higher than the upper range of human hearing, approximately 20,000 cycles/sec (20 KHz). While diagnostic ultrasound is usually produced at frequency in millions of cycles/sec (MHz). Ultrasound at this frequency is usually produced by piezoelectric crystal. Piezoelectric crystals have ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical ultrasound wave and reconvert mechanical ultrasound wave into electrical energy. Ultrasound is accurate, rapid and safe during pregnancy, with no risk to either fetus or the mother. The method of choice for diagnosing pregnancy in ruminant depend on the availability of equipments, cost, number of days post breeding, desired accuracy and the experience of the examiner. Transrectal or transabdominal real-time ultrasonography has been noticed to provide a reliable means of pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. Transrectal real time ultrasonographic scanning of buffaloes between Day 24 and 34 of gestation offers a safe, accurate and practical means for diagnosing pregnancy. Transrectal examinations can also be successfully employed for the examinations of ovarian structures. The use of A, B-mode and Doppler sound ultrasonic devices has now been succeeded by the real-time linear array and sector scanners. I am using Honda 2000vet ultrasound machine for biological study of fetus in buffaloes.
Lets see that how to Use this technique in Large Animals:
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