Dogs and cats needs Government and Public attention and care in Pakistan

Stop murdering the stray dogs and cats
Please friends from all countries , what we want is to convince the Pakistan authorities to work with Young Surgeons group, Bright veterinarian group and Veterinary Surgeon Club, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam for Animal Welfare, control of over population of stray dogs and cats and to start immediately a mass sterilization of the stray dogs and cats. Through spaying and neutering of stray animals, public education and re-homing, our mission is to ensure that every dog in Pakistan is eventually given the chance of a life where it is cared for and treated with kindness and understanding to ensure a safe and happy future. We rely solely on volunteers and donations from animal welfare supporters to continue our work. If you would like to get involved please DONATE, ADOPT A PET and VOLUNTEER. We also sell immunized and neutrilized pure breed pets to arrange shelter, food, medicines and surgical material for these stray dogs. you can buy them. With your help we will save stray dogs and cats.

DECLAWING IN CAT (demonstration in class for 3rd Prof. D.V.M. students)

Although each veterinarian may have his own technique for declawing but generally speaking there are two basic techniques which are commonly employed. One is trimming (either Resco or whites) and other is to remove entire third phalanx (Foster and Fowler, 1971 and Silverhorn and Taskulski 1972). With nail trimmer technique, if the corium of the claw is not completely removed, regrowth of a deformed nail will become evident in 3 to 6 months or even later. Since the regrowth occurs beneath the skin. It does not become evident until lameness, swelling and drainange tracts are noticed. To correct this it is necessary to remove a libral amount of skin and tissue from which the nail originated including the remnant of the third phalanx. The latter method has the advantages of removing the entirethird phalanx to make certain no regrowth of the nail occurs and it can be used on a large variety of animals such as dogs, lions, tigers and bears. By paying attention to the details of the anatomy of feline claw the considerable result of claw regrowth may be avoided.
ANATOMY OF DISTAL PHALANX:
The third phalanx of the cat is much like that of dog (Evan and Lahuta 1980) except that the cat claw is distinctly flattened and is retractile. Richard and Jenning (1963) stated that the proximal and base of the third phalanx forms a loose articulation with the second phalanx. The distal phalanx is made up of two main parts, the ungula process and the ungula crest. The ungula process is a curved cone shaped projection that extends distally into the claw. The ungula crest is an elevation that circumscribes the base of the third phalanx and forms a ridge and projects proximally over the distal end of the second phalanx. The ungula crest serves as an insertion for the deep digital flexor tendon on the volar surface of the third phalanx and for the insertion of the lateral and common digital extensor and extensors of the first and second digit muscles are located on the ungula crest of the third phalanx of the second digit. In addition to tendons that cross the joint, the cat has two strong dorsal elastic ligaments on each digit. These ligaments originate at the sides of the proximal end of the second phalanx and insert distally on the dorsal surface on the ungula crest. Their contraction results in the claws retraction. The flexing power of the deep digital flexor muscle can over come the elasticity of this ligament and allow the cat to extend its claws. A pair of collateral ligaments, one on the medial and the other on the lateral side of the joint crosses this joint. Being a true joint this distal articulation posses other typical joint structures. Including articular cartilage, synoval membrane and fibrous joint capsule. The basal germinal cells (stratum germinativum) of the claw extend proximally into the ungual crest encases the base of the nail. This area is important to consider when an onychectomy is performed. Regardless of surgical technique used to remove a cats claws, the dorsal aspect of the ungula crest must be removed in order to prevent regrowth. If the claw regrows, it most likely will be partial or misshapen this regrowth may not be evident for several weeks of even months following declawing when regrowth does occur excessive granulation tissue or a draining open wound which is subject to infection may precede eruption of the nail through the skin.


SURGICAL TECHNIQUES:
As previously described each veterinary surgeon ha his own technique and if the procedure is effective, there is no reason for change ( Michael 1983) It seems appropriate however to describe briefly a technique that has been used in past ten years and is working nicely at Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan. Declawing is performed as routine demonstration exercise on healthy crossbred/local cat aged around 2 years, at department of Surgery and Obetrics. The male cat was anaesthetized with Inj: diazepalm, Inj: acepromazine and Inj: Ketamine hydrochloride intramuscularly to prolong the recovery period and to prevent excessive shaking of the feet. The paws are prepared by cleaning with a soap scrub followed by detol to remove dirt and debris around the nail. Clipping the hair is usually unnecessary. A conventional tourniquet is applied to the leg starting at above the paw and extending to the elbow on the foreleg and to the hock on the rear leg. The proximal end of the tourniquet is secured with an artery forceps. The claw to be removed is grasped with artery forceps. The cuticle is incised dorsally with a No. 15 blade surgical blade and the ungual crest becomes exposed. By downward manipulation of the claw, the articular space is identified. The surgical blade when directed into the space and following the surface of articular cartilage of the third digit, a cut is made up to and around the extensor process. This maneuver places the blade on the ventral surface of the extensor process just above the digitalpad. The blade is pulled fprward with care teken not to cut the digital pad, the flexor tendon. Blood vessels and other tissues are then severed. The excised digit is placed on an instrument tray and the wound is closed with simple Interrupted suture techniwue using chromic catgut 3/0 transversally through the skin of each digit. The next claw is removed in a similar manner. On completion of declawing the digits are counted to be certain that none have been left. After all the claws are removed, the paw foot is bandaged placing a sterile guaze spong over the paw and an application of adhesive tape over that to hold it in place. The adhesive tape is applied tightly enough to control seeping heamorrhage without interfering with circulation to the foot. The tourniquet is released. The adhesive tape is continued up the leg at least 7 to 8 cms above the paw to prevent the cat from shaking of the bandage. Intramuscular Inj: dioxil is administered routinely at the conclusion of operation and the bandage removed after 12 hours. The procedure was immaculately done as described has no complication what soever.

Young Surgeons Activities (Fly like a Eagle)

In last week students of 3rd Prof DVM has established a young surgeons group and under this umbrella they are working. They submitted their one week activities report in .ppt file. They are keen to perform 12-15 surgical intervention per student for surgical problems in pet and domestic animals. You can watch their one week activities in this presentation.

Management of Difficult Births at Kidding

Livestock play an important role in Pakistan and generates about 30 to 40 percent income by rearing cattle, Kundhi buffaloes, sheep and goats. Livestock is a potential economic source for 30-50 million of total rural population of Pakistan. There are about 27.3, 29.6, 53.8, and 26.5 million heads of Kundhi buffalos, cattle, goat and sheep respectively. Livestock contributes about 50% of agricultural value added and 11 percent to GDP. Meat and milk produced by Kundhi buffalos and cattle provides 70 % animal protein thus it is considered to be major source for human diet. It has been estimated that these animals produced 33.2 million tons of milk, 1.27 million tons of beef and 0.82 million tons of mutton during 2006-2007 (GOP-2007). Goat has a unique importance in livestock due to its exceptional qualities such as high fertility, short kidding interval, good mutton quality, milk and hairs. There are thirty nine breeds of goats in Pakistan out of which twelve belongs to Sindh province viz.; Kamori, Bari, Bugi Toori, Bujri, Chapper, Jattan, Kacchan, Kurri, Lohri, Pateri, Tapir, Teddy, and Thari. These are mostly grazed in mixed herds in which only one or two healthy bucks are kept to impregnate all goats. Mostly cross breeding between small, medium and large goats produce obstetrical problems and dystocia. Dystocia mostly occurs in goats due to small birth canal, uterine torsion, oversized fetus and incomplete relaxation of birth canal. Dystocia can be relieved by different obstetrical methods. The efficiency of the natural parturition forces can be increased by using tissue estrogens or by augmenting the expulsive power of uterus using oxytocin. The traction or vigorous manipulation may cause rupture of thin uterine wall in small size goats. Cesaerotomy is preferable technique for the delivery of fetus in these conditions.
CASE HISTORY:
A two years old 25 kg black colored goat was referred by Dr. Muhammad Uris Samo, Ex-Professor, Department of Animal Reproduction to the Hassanian Veterinary Clinic with a complain of dystocia at 8:30 p.m. on 23-01-2010. The goat was presented with a foetus having two fore legs expelled out through vulva. Physical examination revealed that the head is deviated to ventral direction in the pelvic cavity. Clinically goat was normal with 1030F. Persistent straining had started 12 hours before examination to expel out fetus. Owner has pulled out forelegs of the fetus through vulva but head is deviated to pelvic cavity. She was unable to give birth to the fetus. Owner was surprised on the recommendation of c-section. He was first time referred for c-section in goats. Whereas, surgeon has done one hundred twenty cases in goats, 4 cases in sheep, four cases in buffaloes, two cases in donkey, four cases in deer, eight cases in bitches, ten cases in cats etc. and all will be reported time to time on this web site.
OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES:
Goat hairs from site were clipped and high epidural and L-shaped local anaesthesia with xylocaine was administered. Animal was placed on lateral recumbency on floor. Owner has restrained the goat from hind and forelegs where Mr. Junied Keyani, students of Fourth Prof. D.V.M. and Mr. Hafiz Asif, Student of 3rd Prof. D.V.M. have assisted me. The left flank site was prepared for aseptic surgery as per routine. The incision was performed in the left flank area, where the muscular layers of externus oblique muscle, internus oblique muscle and transverse muscles were opened with blunt dissection and separated. After parietal peritoneum was opened and cranial portion of the uterus was exteriorized. Incision was given in the longitudinal line on dorsal surface of uterine wall. The posterior limbs of foetuses were grasped and two live fetuses were removed along with placenta. Uterine passaries were placed in the uterus. Incision of uterus was closed with Connell suture technique. All the blood clots were removed from the uterus before it was replaced into abdominal cavity in it’s normal position. Closure of abdominal wall was carried out in three layers. Peritoneum was closed with simple interrupted sutures using 2/0 chromic catgut. The muscular and subcutaneous layers were apposed with simple continuous sutures using 2/0 chromic catgut. Skin incision was closed with simple interrupted suture technique using 1/0 nylon.
Post-oprative care:
Inj: trioxyl LA 5 ml and Inj: Phenylbutazone 3 ml was administered Intra-muscularly for three days post operatively. On follow up observation defaecation, urination, rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, intake water, and feed returned to normal within 5 hours.

Pregnancy Diagnosis

Lets discuss today a case of Pregnancy Diagnosis in Buffalo. There are several methods to diagnose pregnancy in Animals, but mostly in large animals Per Rectum Palpation method is used. Pregnancy can also be diagnosed by Laboratory analysis of Blood, Urine and/or Milk for concentrations of different hormonal levels, which indicate pregnancy.

Here is a case of Pregnancy Diagnosis by palpating Uterus and Uterine Horns through rectal palpation. Other demonstrations and explanations are described much clearly in the Video below. Please check it out...

Dehorning A Buffalo

Hi Reader,

Thanks to you for your keen interest in the Surgical treatment of problems in animals. We are trying our best to keep you up to date with local techniques and methods for treatment of problems.

Today there is a case of Dehorning in a Buffalo, The Twisted Horns are typical characteristic feature of Kundhi Buffaloes, The native breed of buffalo found commonly in Sindh, Pakistan. But sometimes these horns may penetrate back in the head of the animal and cause severe wounds. Which is much painful and may result in the lesser production of animal due to stress.

It's a routine practice to de-horn the calves at their early age in commercial farms, but local farmers are not used to this practice. And thus face many problems later. To de-horn a buffalo, de-horning wire or de-horning saw is used commonly here. But in advanced commercial farms, electrical methods are also applied.

Here is a video of De-horning and the demonstration of the process, with the causes and reasons of the problem:

Ventral Hernia [Hysterocele - Gravid] in a goat (Video Supported)

The 3-year-old multiparous pregnant goat illustrated seen at left is presented to Department of Surgery and Obstetrics with a rapidly enlarging udder. The owner is concerned about the abrupt development of an extensive area of painful oedema on the udder. She has last covering date of parturition and has exhibited increasing depression and discomfort during the previous 24 hours. Physical examination found a presenting foetus with head and legs inside the udder, the foetus moved vigorously when touched, when goat was placed dorsally the foetus returned back to abdomen. Ultrasound examination of the enlarging udder showed the fluid and foetus with normal heart beats. Over the next half hour, the gaot's heart rate increased and respiratory efforts became more laboured with further signs of developing depression. Initial treatment for ventral ruptures is aimed at stabilising the goat by restricting activity. It is important to closely monitor for signs of blood loss, constipation, loss of protein and any development of further discomfort. Anti-inflammatory drugs may help relieve the discomfort. A laxative, high concentrate diet may assist in decreasing the bowel contents and reducing the degree of abdominal exertion associated with defecation. The possibility of bowel entrapment and strangulation should be investigated and surgical correction performed where appropriate. In many cases, due to rapidly changing clinical parameters, the goat gains little from supportive treatment and induction of parturition (or termination of the pregnancy in goats earlier in gestation) must be performed. Assistance with parturition is always necessary as the goat is likely to experience difficulty in inducing sufficient abdominal pressure to deliver the fetus. If the fetus is sufficiently mature, the kid will generally progress well after induction of parturition.

Surgical Treatment

Food was withheld for 24 h prior to surgery. Surgical repair was conducted by aseptically preparing the site of operation after intramuscularly tranquilizing the fractious animals with 2% xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun 2%; Bayer, Turkey) at a dose rate of 0.05 mg/kg. Circular infiltration anesthesia around the udder was done using 2% lidocaine (Norbrook Laboratories, UK) at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg. The animal was restrained in the dorsal or lateral recumbent position, according to the ease and for better exposure. An elliptical skin incision was performed and uterus exteriorized and tree kids were removed. Uterus was closed with 2/0 chromic catgut with Connell suture technique. The contents were reduced into the abdominal cavity through abdominal rupture. The abdominal rupture was exposed and closed with simple interrupted uing No. 2 chromic catgut (Ethicon, UK). The subcutaneous tissue was then sutured by catgut and the skin was closed with using silk suture. Penicillinstreptomycin at a dose rate of 30,000 IU/kg for the penicillin and 10mg/kg streptomycin was given for 5 days intramuscularly.

The Video Support for the case is as Under:

Reception of the Case, History Taking, Ultrasonography, Surgery Started:

Surgery continued:

Continued..., Surgery Completed, Patient is on her legs and very much normal:

Interview of the Surgeon Dr. Allah Bux Memon, after the completion of Surgery:

Looking Forward for your comments....

Thanks for your kind Attention.

Ventral Hernia [Hysterocele - Gravid] in a goat Video Supprt

The 3-year-old multiparous pregnant goat illustrated seen at left is presented to Department of Surgery and Obstetrics with a rapidly enlarging udder. The owner is concerned about the abrupt development of an extensive area of painful oedema on the udder. She has last covering date of parturition and has exhibited increasing depression and discomfort during the previous 24 hours.

Video Support for the Case is as Under:

jssjsdflkjs;sldfjasklsdjf Physical examination found a presenting foetus with head and legs inside the udder, the foetus moved vigorously when touched, when goat was placed dorsally the foetus returned back to abdomen. Ultrasound examination of the enlarging udder showed the fluid and foetus with normal heart beats. Over the next half hour, the gaot's heart rate increased and respiratory efforts became more laboured with further signs of developing depression. Initial treatment for ventral ruptures is aimed at stabilising the goat by restricting activity. It is important to closely monitor for signs of blood loss, constipation, loss of protein and any development of further discomfort. Anti-inflammatory drugs may help relieve the discomfort. A laxative, high concentrate diet may assist in decreasing the bowel contents and reducing the degree of abdominal exertion associated with defecation. The possibility of bowel entrapment and strangulation should be investigated and surgical correction performed where appropriate. In many cases, due to rapidly changing clinical parameters, the goat gains little from supportive treatment and induction of parturition (or termination of the pregnancy in goats earlier in gestation) must be performed. Assistance with parturition is always necessary as the goat is likely to experience difficulty in inducing sufficient abdominal pressure to deliver the fetus. If the fetus is sufficiently mature, the kid will generally progress well after induction of parturition.
Surgical Treatment
Food was withheld for 24 h prior to surgery. Surgical repair was conducted by aseptically preparing the site of operation after intramuscularly tranquilizing the fractious animals with 2% xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun 2%; Bayer, Turkey) at a dose rate of 0.05 mg/kg. Circular infiltration anesthesia around the udder was done using 2% lidocaine (Norbrook Laboratories, UK) at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg. The animal was restrained in the dorsal or lateral recumbent position, according to the ease and for better exposure. An elliptical skin incision was performed and uterus exteriorized and tree kids were removed. Uterus was closed with 2/0 chromic catgut with Connell suture technique. The contents were reduced into the abdominal cavity through abdominal rupture. The abdominal rupture was exposed and closed with simple interrupted uing No. 2 chromic catgut (Ethicon, UK). The subcutaneous tissue was then sutured by catgut and the skin was closed with using silk suture. Penicillinstreptomycin at a dose rate of 30,000 IU/kg for the penicillin and 10mg/kg streptomycin was given for 5 days intramuscularly.

Ventral Hernia [Hysterocele - Gravid] in a goat

The 3-year-old multiparous pregnant goat illustrated seen at left is presented to Department of Surgery and Obstetrics with a rapidly enlarging udder. The owner is concerned about the abrupt development of an extensive area of painful oedema on the udder. She has last covering date of parturition and has exhibited increasing depression and discomfort during the previous 24 hours. Physical examination found a presenting foetus with head and legs inside the udder, the foetus moved vigorously when touched, when goat was placed dorsally the foetus returned back to abdomen. Ultrasound examination of the enlarging udder showed the fluid and foetus with normal heart beats. Over the next half hour, the gaot's heart rate increased and respiratory efforts became more laboured with further signs of developing depression. Initial treatment for ventral ruptures is aimed at stabilising the goat by restricting activity. It is important to closely monitor for signs of blood loss, constipation, loss of protein and any development of further discomfort. Anti-inflammatory drugs may help relieve the discomfort. A laxative, high concentrate diet may assist in decreasing the bowel contents and reducing the degree of abdominal exertion associated with defecation. The possibility of bowel entrapment and strangulation should be investigated and surgical correction performed where appropriate. In many cases, due to rapidly changing clinical parameters, the goat gains little from supportive treatment and induction of parturition (or termination of the pregnancy in goats earlier in gestation) must be performed. Assistance with parturition is always necessary as the goat is likely to experience difficulty in inducing sufficient abdominal pressure to deliver the fetus. If the fetus is sufficiently mature, the kid will generally progress well after induction of parturition.
Surgical Treatment
Food was withheld for 24 h prior to surgery. Surgical repair was conducted by aseptically preparing the site of operation after intramuscularly tranquilizing the fractious animals with 2% xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun 2%; Bayer, Turkey) at a dose rate of 0.05 mg/kg. Circular infiltration anesthesia around the udder was done using 2% lidocaine (Norbrook Laboratories, UK) at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg. The animal was restrained in the dorsal or lateral recumbent position, according to the ease and for better exposure. An elliptical skin incision was performed and uterus exteriorized and tree kids were removed. Uterus was closed with 2/0 chromic catgut with Connell suture technique. The contents were reduced into the abdominal cavity through abdominal rupture. The abdominal rupture was exposed and closed with simple interrupted uing No. 2 chromic catgut (Ethicon, UK). The subcutaneous tissue was then sutured by catgut and the skin was closed with using silk suture. Penicillinstreptomycin at a dose rate of 30,000 IU/kg for the penicillin and 10mg/kg streptomycin was given for 5 days intramuscularly.

Surgical Treatment of Urolithiasis

Hi Veterinarians,

Thanks for coming back, and your keen interest about the Surgical Treatment of the problems in the animals. Today here is a case of Urolithiasis, in a Male Goat.

Specie: Goat

Breed: Kamori (Sindh, Pakistan)

Sex: Male

Age: 2 years

Color: White & Brown

Weight: 100 Kg

Urolithiasis is a common problem in the Bovine Species. This is commonly reported in the area and specially in case of such a feed that, the owners were offering him a 2 liters of Milk and a 250 grams of Butter daily additionally with grasses etc. (According to history provided by the owner)

Complain: Urinary Obstruction.

Diagnostic Tools: Radiography, Ultrasonography

Diagnosis: Ultrasonography was performed through rectum and Multiple stones were diagnosed.

After the application of High Epidural Anesthesia and Infiltration for Regional Anesthesia to block the left flank region, Surgery was performed.

Incision Site: Left Flank Incision (To approach Urinary Bladder)

Incision Length: 6 inches

Secondary Incision: Ventral Incision at Urinary Bladder. (about 2" in length)

On approaching the Urinary Bladder, More than 100 stones were discovered, Suction machine was used to remove the Urine and Peritoneal fluid from the Abdomen.

The Patient was on his feet after the surgery. Good Luck for the Readers, Subscribe to the Blog, as we are going to add the experiences regularly. Please comment to Improve our posts.