FIBROADENOMA MAMMARY TUMOR IN A SAMOYED

Mammary tumors are most common tumors in female dogs. The greatest frequency of mammary tumors found in poodles , Boston terriers, fox terriers, Airedale terriers, dachshunds, Great pyreness, Samoyeds, keeshonden and sporting breeds (pointers, retrievers, setters, spaniels). In dogs, benign tumours are usually classified as benign mixed tumours (fibroadenoma, adenomas or benign mesenchymal tumors). Approximately 25% to 50% of canine mammary tumors are malignant (Baba et al, 1985, Ogilvie and Moore, 1995). Malignant mammary tumors spread via lymphatic and blood vessels to the regional lymph nodes and lungs. Other less common metastatic sites include adrenal glands, kidneys, heart, liver, bone, brain and skin. The mixed mammary tumors are the most commonly identified neoplasm in the bitch (Dorn et al, 1968, Moulton et al, 1970) Malignant tumors frequently arise from benign masses (Flowers et al, 1974). The cause of mammary gland neoplasia is unknown. However, many are hormone dependant and most can be prevented, if ovariohysterectomy is performed before one year of age. The risk of mammary tumors for dogs spayed before first estrus is 0.05%. This risk increase to 8% after one estrus cycle and 26% after the second estrus (Ogilvie and Moore, 1995) Estrogen or progesterone receptors are found in 50% or more of canine mammary carcinomas and 70% of benign canine mammary tumors (Sartin et al, 1992). Mammary neoplasm may be solitary or multiple. The most common site for canine mammary tumors is the caudal mammary masses may varies from microscopic to grossly visible of various sizes (2 mm to 8 cm). Masses may be sessile of pedunculated, solid or cystic and uncerated or covered with skin and hair.
HISTORY:
A 10 months Samoyed bitch was presented because of a solid large lump involving second last caudal left (4th) mammary gland. The owners had noticed small nodule since the dog was of 2 months old.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
All mammary glands were normal except left caudal 4th mammary gland. Solid consistency and over growth of tissues were observed on physical examination, palpation and aspiration. Benign tumor was suspected on physical appearance. Tissues from lump were obtained with the help of biopsy punch for further investigation and histological examination.
ULTRASONOOGRAPHY:
Ultrasonography was performed to identify the demarcation or abdominal involvement if any. Solid ball like structure was observed under ultrasonography with clear demarcation from abdominal wall.
DIAGNOSIS:
Benign tumor was suspected on physical examination and histologically, fibroadenoma was identified.
SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
Dog was premedicated with acepromazine at the dose rate of 0.05 mg/kg. General anaesthesia was administered with thiopental sodium 5% solution at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg. Animal was placed in dorsal recumbency with the thoracic limbs fixed cranially and the pelvic limbs fixed caudally in a relaxed position. The entire abdomen caudal thorax and inguinal areas were clipped and prepared for aseptic surgery. An elliptical incision around the involved mammary gland 1 cm from the tumor was made. Incision was continued through subcutaneous tissues to the fascia of the external abdominal wall superficial hemorrhage was controlled with swabbing, hemostats or ligation. An en bloc excision was performed by elevating one edge of the incision and dissecting subcutaneous tissue from pectoral and rectus fascia using smooth gliding motion of scissors. Traction was given on the elevated skin segment to facilitate dissection. The caudal superficial epigastric vessel was ligated and the superficial inguinally lymph node excised. A 3 inches circular ball like mass weighing 1500 gms was removed . All glandular tissue inguinal fat pad, abdominal musculature and a portion of the abdominal wall were removed. Walking sutures were used to undermine the wound edges and advance skin toward the center of the defect. Subcuticular sutures were used to appose skin edges. A series of horizontal mattress sutures were placed in the entire length of the wound. A second line of fine, simple interrupted sutures was used to appose the primary wound margins.
POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND ASSESSMENT:
An abdominal bandage was used to support the wound, compress dead space and absorb fluid. Bandage was changed daily for the first 3 days. The wound was inspected for inflammation, swelling, drainage, seroma, dehiscence etc. Bandages and mattress suture were removed after 4 days and remaining interrupted sutures were removed 12 days after surgery. Animal was normal and healthy after six months.

TREATMENT OF HIND LIMB FRACTURE IN DEER

The deer are very beautiful animals. They are famous for their speed, grace and good look. Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. They include for example Moose, Red Deer, Reindeer, Roe and Chital. Animals from related families within the order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) are often also considered to be deer – these include muntjac and water deer. Male (and a few female) deer of all species (except the Chinese Water deer who only have short tusks instead) grow and shed new antlers each year – in this they differ from permanently horned animals such as antelope – these are in the same order as deer and may bear a superficial resemblance. The musk deer of Asia and Water Chevrotain (or Mouse Deer) of tropical African and Asian forests are not usually regarded as true deer and form their own families, Moschidae and Tragulidae, respectively. The gazelle is hunted for the sake of its delicious flesh, fat and beautiful hide. Many people and professional hunters take keen interest in antelope hunt its delicious flesh, fat and beautiful hide. Many people and professional hunters take keen interest in antelope hunting. Now, people in Pakistan capture fawns and antelopes to keep as fancy/pet animals in houses. Unfortunately, people do not understand surveillance and management of these wild animals. Therefore mostly fractures, damages to the skin and other parts of the body of the animal occur during capture and transport. Fracture of the forelimbs, hind limbs and of the pelvis are relatively common in antelopes, when predators attack them.
Case History:
A 2 years old zoo female deer was presented having fractured hind leg.
DIAGNOSIS:
Clinical examination revealed swelling, pain and crepitus sound s on palpation in left hind leg. Whereas, left forelimb’s skin was damaged. Deer was standing on her leg with laming gait. There was a damage to the skin and bone in hind leg.
TREATMENT:
Treatment was basd on conservative management. Deer was kept in rest, activity was limited and measures were taken to ensure regular urination and defaecation. Animal was restrained and placed laterally to make plastering with Gypsona (plaster of Paris) of hind leg.

TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURE IN HIND LIMB OF GAZELLE

The antelopes are very beautiful animals. They are famous for their speed, grace and good look. They are deer like ruminants and belong to family bovidae. The antelopes are divided into nine separate groups. The Gazelle is one of the largest group of antelopes. The gazelle is most attractive and graceful animal and lives in desert area of Thar, Sindh, Pakistan. It is a creature of the burning deserts, treeless plains and sandy wastes. The gazelle is hunted for the sake of its delicious flesh, fat and beautiful hide. Many people and professional hunters take keen interest in antelope hunt its delicious flesh, fat and beautiful hide. Many people and professional hunters take keen interest in antelope hunting. Now, people in Pakistan capture fawns and antelopes to keep as fancy/pet animals in houses. Unfortunately, people do not understand surveillance and management of these wild animals. Therefore mostly fractures, damages to the skin and other parts of the body of the animal occur during capture and transport. Fracture of the forelimbs, hind limbs and of the pelvis are relatively common in antelopes, when predators attack them.
Case History:
A 2 years old pet female Gazelle was presented having damaged forelimbs and fractured hind leg.
DIAGNOSIS:
Clinical examination revealed swelling, pain and crepitus sound s on palpation in left hind leg. Whereas, left forelimb’s skin was damaged. Antelope was supported to stand on her hind legs then she was unable to bear weight on left leg and showed lameness. There was a damage to the skin and other part of the body. Fracture in the hind leg was diagnosed by latero-medial radiograph obtained for the assessment of extent of damage in the hind leg.
TREATMENT:
Treatment was divided into 2 planes i.e. conservative management and surgical intervention. Conservative approach was taken for left forelimb. Antelope was kept in rest, activity was limited and measures were taken to ensure regular urination and defaecation.
Surgical treatment: Animal was restrained and placed laterally to make plastering of hind leg.
Prognosis:
Radiographs were taken 3 weeks after plaster to assess healing. Prognosis was excellent and antelope returned to its normal functions.

Cessarian Section in Sheep

Nice to See You again here...!

So, today here is a video aid to my Blogpost which was posted earlier, about managing birth problems during Lambing. To read full article, simply click here: http://hassanianclinic.blogspot.com/2010/02/management-of-dyticia-during-lambing.html , Watch the Video Air here:

So, An other life was saved.... Which means that a whole family, with at-least five members were saved. Think!!! How?

SAVE THE AILING LIONESS IN ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN, RANI BAGH HYDERABAD, PAKISTAN

Welcome back!

Dear readers ! It was very motivating and exciting to see ailing lioness and other animals for me and my students team during visit of Zoological Garden, at Rani Bagh, Hyderabad. It was purely personal visit and solely for our knowledge and awareness of students. We requested verbally and personally to Dr. Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani, District officer, Hyderabad (one of my friend and ex-student) therefore he granted permission for my students to visit the Zoological Garden, Hyderabad. We are thankful for his protocol and kind courtesy which he has provided to our team. When, we arrived at Zoological Garden, Mr. Muhammad Yaqoob Sheikh, (contractor for food and medicines at zoological garden) was waiting for us as he was directed by Dr. Sanjrani, District officer, Hyderabad. Dr. Sanjrani also informed the Incharge Veterinarian for our visit but unfortunately Dr. Manzoor Ahmed Bhurt was busy in his personal affairs. We reached there at 4:30 pm after our university duty hours. We moved toward the cage of lioness. She was suffering from a wound in her paw. Wound got maggots, so she was operated for de-clawing, and managed the wound for maggots. A team was called yesterday from Hyderabad and the National Zoo, Karachi. They provided appropriate treatment to the animal. We observed that wound of left paw of lioness was closed with 2/0 chromic catgut and stitches from wound were broken and opened. I am surprised to see lioness was left without postoperative care and treatment after declawing. It was suppose to be left for 2nd intension wound healing. The lioness was much healthy, and was not laming. She was treated with an antiseptic and Fly Repellent solution. To protect her from flies and preventing from infections.

This case reminded me ten years ago story of the same type of case in the Zoological Garden, Hyderabad. When, twenty years old ailing lioness “Rani” died in the same Zoo due to ignorance. She had a chronic otitis externa complain due to maggots. She was also injured few days before death in fighting to her husband in their cage as reported by authorities. Veterinarians had performed post-mortem which did not reveal any other problem in lioness. The lioness had given birth to six young ones in her life in the Zoological Garden, Hyderabad. Two of them were lived in the zoo and others were replaced in exchange of other animals. Unfortunately, she did not received the treatment due lack of facililties like anaesthetic gun and experts. Today is also same position, anaesthetic gun and surgical instruments are not avialble in the zoo. I am afraid that Once again same story may not be repeated. Therefore, it is requested to higher authorities (DCO and District Nazim, Hyderabad specially and other authorities particularly), public, vets and NGO’s to show their interest and save the life of the ailing lioness. Watch the video for risky method and technique applied to treat the lioness.

Waiting for your Nice Comments:

Young Surgeons,

FAH&VS,

SAU, TandoJam

Tail Docking

Hey Readers,


Here is again a blog post with conflict on its discussion. Tail Docking is a process of Amputation of Tail. It is mostly included in the Cosmetic Surgeries Category, But there may be also some pathological reasons.


In many Countries these surgeries are banned, But owners still want these surgeries to be conducted, because these are conducted to compete there animals in show competitions. The surgery is also conducted to avoid bite by the animal in Dogs fights.


Procedure:


Animal is anaesthetized after sedation as aroutine then site is prepared by clipping hairs from the tail, antiseptic is applied, and then tail is amputated from the inter vertebral space. A V-Shaped incision is given with slightly pushing the skin towards the base of tail. So that some skin is available to cover the vertebrae. The exposed ends of skin are sutured, Tincture is applied, and then wound is covered with suitable bandage material to avoid flies and contaminations.


The whole process is as under:

Pregnancy Diagnosis through Ultra-Sonography in buffalo

Hi!

I already posted a post on pregnancy diagnosis through rectal palpation. Its nice that now a video on using advanced technologies like Ultra Sonography is also available here.

Ultrasonography is a medical diagnostic technique in which very high frequency sound is directed into the body. The tissue interfaces reflects the sound and resulting pattern of sound reflection is processed by a computer to produce a photograph or moving image on monitor. Ultrasound can be used to examine many parts of the body, but it’s best known application for the examination of fetal size, multiple pregnancies, structural abnormalities, accurate determination of fetal age and fetal sex during pregnancy. It is commonly used in obstetrics to monitor the growth, development and well being of the fetus. An ultrasound emitting device called transducer is placed against the skin of pregnant abdomen or placed rectally on uterus. The transducer is used to transmit the sound waves and receive the echoes. The transducer must be close contact with skin, and a jelly like substance smeared on the skin to improve the transmission of sound. Ultrasound is characterized by sound waves with a frequency higher than the upper range of human hearing, approximately 20,000 cycles/sec (20 KHz). While diagnostic ultrasound is usually produced at frequency in millions of cycles/sec (MHz). Ultrasound at this frequency is usually produced by piezoelectric crystal. Piezoelectric crystals have ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical ultrasound wave and reconvert mechanical ultrasound wave into electrical energy. Ultrasound is accurate, rapid and safe during pregnancy, with no risk to either fetus or the mother. The method of choice for diagnosing pregnancy in ruminant depend on the availability of equipments, cost, number of days post breeding, desired accuracy and the experience of the examiner. Transrectal or transabdominal real-time ultrasonography has been noticed to provide a reliable means of pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. Transrectal real time ultrasonographic scanning of buffaloes between Day 24 and 34 of gestation offers a safe, accurate and practical means for diagnosing pregnancy. Transrectal examinations can also be successfully employed for the examinations of ovarian structures. The use of A, B-mode and Doppler sound ultrasonic devices has now been succeeded by the real-time linear array and sector scanners. I am using Honda 2000vet ultrasound machine for biological study of fetus in buffaloes.

Lets see that how to Use this technique in Large Animals:

Declawing Techniques

Many pet owners claimed that, their cats are used to scratch their carpets and beddings, even children get scratched by the harmless pets.

To Declaw, is a solution to these problems. An earlier post regarding declawing is available here on the blog. To support that post, a video is added here in the blog. To read whole article click here: http://hassanianclinic.blogspot.com/2010/01/declawing-in-cat-demonstration-in-class.html

Just watch the video below:

Looking forward for your precious comments.

Management of Incisional Hernia

So, as a routine, lets move today again to the Surgical Hall of Dept. of Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics, SAU, TandoJam.

Suzy was operated to Neuter, But unfortunately, she developed Incisional Hernia, A pouch ddeveloped at her belly, and this increased continuously. Hernial Pouch, Contents and Ring was discovered by direct palpation. To treat her problem, she was operated.

She was Anesthetized, and then incision was given, Mesentry was found as Hernial content. Contents were pushed back, ring was closed, then she was sutured back.

The outline video is available here, with a continuous, and very clear demonstration by Dr. Allah Bux Memon. Hope this will give you a perfect idea that how to treat and manage a Hernia, specially Incisional Hernia.

Hope You Liked This, Thanks for reading and watching. Looking forward for you Precious Comments. Thanks.

Management of dystocia during lambing

Livestock play an important role in Pakistan and generates about 30 to 40 percent income by rearing cattle, Kundhi buffaloes, sheep and goats. Livestock is a potential economic source for 30-50 million of total rural population of Pakistan. There are about 27.3, 29.6, 53.8, and 26.5 million heads of Kundhi buffalos, cattle, goat and sheep respectively. Livestock contributes about 50% of agricultural value added and 11 percent to GDP. Small ruminants include sheep (24.2 million) and goats (49.1 million). There are about twenty eight (28) or even more sheep breeds which are classified into two groups viz; thin-tailed and fat-tailed sheep (Table 3). Thin tail sheep are generally found in irrigated areas and fat tail breeds in arid rangelands and mountainous areas of Sindh, NWFP and Azad Kahmir. According to another FAO survey nineteen sheep breeds are classified under the thin tail category while twenty-eight sheep breeds come under the fat tailed sheep. However, the total sheep breeds and their distribution in different province in the country are presented in Table 4. Usually sheep are kept for wool and mutton production. The wool is of coarse quality and is mostly used in the local carpel industry. Local sheep breeds generally breed once a year and rarely produce twins. Annual lambing rate is about 80 % on overall basis.

Table: Important Sheep Breeds of Pakistan.

Thin Tail Sheep Fat Tail Sheep
Bakkarwal Balkhi
Buchi Bibrik
Cholistani Dumbi
Damani Gojal
Kacchi Harnai
Kaghani Hashtnagri
Kail Kohai Ghizer
Kali Michni
Kajli Pahari
Kooka Rakhshani
Lohi Salt Range
Poonchi Tirahi
Sipli Waziri
Thalli -
CASE HISTORY:
A two years old 25 kg Kuka sheep was referred by Department of Animal Reproduction to the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Clinic with a complain of dystocia on 08-01-2010. The sheep was presented with a foetus having two fore legs expelled out through vulva. Physical examination revealed that the head is deviated to ventral direction in the pelvic cavity. Clinically sheep was exhausted with 1030F. Persistent straining had started 12 hours before examination to expel out fetus. Dr. Inayatullah Kaka has pulled out forelegs of the fetus through vulva but head is deviated to pelvic cavity. She was unable to give birth to the fetus. Owner has requested for c-section.
OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES:
Sheep hairs from site were clipped and high epidural and L-shaped local anaesthesia with xylocaine was performed. Animal was placed on lateral recumbency on floor. Students have restrained the sheep from hind and forelegs. The left flank site was prepared for aseptic surgery as per routine. The incision was performed in the left flank area, where the muscular layers of externus oblique muscle, internus oblique muscle and transverse muscles were opened with blunt dissection and separated. After parietal peritoneum was opened and cranial portion of the uterus was exteriorized. Incision was given in the longitudinal line on dorsal surface of uterine wall. The posterior limbs of foetuses were grasped and one dead fetus was removed along with placenta. Uterine passaries were placed in the uterus. Incision of uterus was closed with Connell suture technique. All the blood clots were removed from the uterus before it was replaced into abdominal cavity in it’s normal position. Closure of abdominal wall was carried out in three layers. Peritoneum was closed with simple interrupted sutures using 2/0 chromic catgut. The muscular and subcutaneous layers were apposed with simple continuous sutures using 2/0 chromic catgut. Skin incision was closed with simple interrupted suture technique using 1/0 nylon.
Post-oprative care:
Inj: Trioxyl LA 5 ml and Inj: Phenylbutazone 3 ml was administered Intra-muscularly for three days post operatively. On follow up observation defaecation, urination, rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, intake water, and feed returned to normal within 5 hours.